水文学原理-中英文专业词

'水文学原理PrincipleofhydrologyChapter1绪论绪论：introduction大气圈（aerosphere）水圈（hydrosphere）岩石圈（lithosphere）生物圈（biosphere）人类圈（anthroposphere）中国四大水问题（fourmajorwaterissuesinChina）水多（more）：洪水（floods）水少（less）：干旱（droughts）水浑（turbid）：水土流失（soilandwaterlosses）水脏（dirty）：水污染（waterpollution）水平/垂直结构（horizontal/verticalstructure）河流学(potamology/riverhydrology)湖沼学(limnology/lakehydrology)水库(reservoir)冰川水文学(glacierhydrology)地下水水文学（groundwaterhydrology）水文气象学(hydrometeorology)积云(cumulus)河口水文学(estuaryhydrology)流域水文学(basinhydrology)全球水文学(globalhydrology)水文学中的环境同位素(environmentalisotopesinhydrology)Chapter2水文循环水文循环：hydrologicalcycle海洋蓄水(waterstorageinoceans)蒸发（evaporation）凝结（condensation）大气蓄水（waterstorageintheatmosphere）冰雪蓄水（waterstorageiniceandsnow）降水（precipitation）散发（transpiration）蒸散发（evapotranspiration）升华（sublimation）凝华（desublimation）地表径流（surface/directrunoff）融雪径流（snowmeltrunofftostreams）河川径流（streamflow）泉水（spring）淡水储存（freshwaterstorage）下渗（infiltration）地下水出流（groundwaterdischarge）地下水储存（groundwaterstorage）大/中/小尺度（macro-scale/mesoscale/microscale）开放/封闭系统（open/closedsystem）截留（interception）洼地储蓄（depressionstorage）地下径流（groundflow）壤中流（interflow）总水量（totalwater）海洋/大陆（oceans/continent）咸水/淡水（saline/freshwater）沼泽（marish）大气水（atmosphericwater）生物水（biologicalwater）土壤水（soilwater）第10页共10页 Chapter3流域与水系流域与水系：Watershed&DrainageNetworksPart1基本概念分水线(watersheddivide)闭合流域(closedwatershed)非闭合流域(unclosedwatershed)水系(DrainageNetworks)羽毛状水系(Elongatedshape)平行状水系(fanshape)混合状水系(mixedshape)坡地(Slope)倾斜面(inclinedplane)收敛曲面(ConvergentCamber)发散曲面(DivergentCamber流域基本单元(Unit)Part2水系的地貌特征河源(headwater)节点(node)出口(outlet)外链(Externallinks)内链(Internallinks)干流(mainriver)支流(tributaryriver)Strahler分级法河流长度(streamlength)河数定律(thelawofstreamnumbers)河长定律(thelawofstreamlengths)链长度(LinkLength)横断面(Crosssection)纵断面(longitudinalsection)大断面(floodcross-section)弯曲率(Sinuosity)河底比降(Slopeofstreambed)Part3流域的地貌特征流域形状（Shapeofwatershed）流域坡度（Slopeofwatershed）流域面积及面积定律(Drainageareaandthelawofdrainageareas)流域长度和宽度（Widthandlengthofwatershed）形态因子(Shapefactor)圆度(Circularityratio)伸长比(Elongationratio)河网密度和河道维持常数（Drainagedensity&constantofchannelmaintenance）河流频度和链频度(Streamfrequency&linkfrequency)面积--河长曲线（Drainagearea-streamlengthcurve）高程曲线（Elevationcurve）第10页共10页 Chapter4降水降水(Precipitation)Part1降水要素及其时空变化表示方法(Precipitationelements&Temporalandspatialvariation)降雨的基本要素（RainfallElements）降雨量(深)Rainfall(depth)降雨历时(Rainfallduration)降雨强度(Rainfallintensity)降雨面积(Rainfallarea)暴雨中心(Stormcenter)降雨强度与历时曲线（Rainfallintensity-durationcurve）降雨深与面积关系曲线（Rainfalldepth-areacurve）降雨深与面积和历时关系曲线（Rainfalldepth-area-durationcurve）Part2降雨类型及其影响因素(TypesofrainfallandAffectingfactors)气旋雨(Cyclonicrain)对流雨(Convectional/Convectiverain)台风雨(Typhoons/Hurricanes)地形雨(Orographicrain)锋面雨(Frontalrain)非锋面雨(Non-frontalrain)Part3区域（流域）平均降雨量计算方法(CalculationmethodofAveragerainfalloveranarea)算术平均法(Arithmeticmeanmethod)泰森多边形法(Thiessenpolygonmethod)等雨量线法(Isohyetalmethod)距离平方倒数法(Inversedistance-squaredmethod)雷达测雨(Radarmeasurementofrainfall)卫星测雨(Satelliticmeasurementofrainfall)Part4降雨资料的检验(Testofrainfalldata)Chapter5土壤水土壤水（SoilWater）水文循环（HydrologicCycle）土壤颗粒（soilparticles）过滤（leach）蒸发（evaporation）蒸发，散发（transpiration）水分（moisture）Part1土壤的质地结构及“三相”关系土壤质地(Soiltexture)粘粒（clay）粉粒（silt）砂粒（sand）土壤结构(Soilconfiguration)土壤中的“三相”关系(Threephaseswithinasoil)第10页共10页 固体（Solids）液体（Liquids）空气（Vapor）固体密度(soliddensity)干容重(Drybulkdensity)孔隙度(Porosity)质量含水率(Gravimetricwatercontent)容积含水率(volumetricwatercontent)饱和度(thedegreeofsaturation)充气孔隙度(Aerationporosity)孔隙比(Voidratio)Part2土壤水的存在形态土壤水作用力(Forcesgoverningsoilwater)分子力(Molecularforce)毛管力(Capillaryforce)粘着力（Adhesion）粘结力（Cohesion）重力(Gravitationalforce)土壤水类型(Soilwaterclassification)束缚水(boundwater）吸湿水(HygroscopicWater)膜状水(Filmwater)毛管上升水(Ascendingwaterincapillarytube)渗透重力水（percolatingwater）毛管悬着水(Suspendedcapillarywater)sustainedgravitationalwater(支持重力水)土壤水分常数(Soilwaterconstants)田间持水量（fieldcapacity）Saturation（饱和状态）Part3土壤水的能量状态土水势(Soilwaterpotential)影响因素（Affectthefactors）土壤水分特性曲线(Soilwatercharacteristiccurve)Chapter6下渗下渗:InfiltrationPart1引言(Introduction)土壤水分剖面(soilmoistureprofile)下渗(infiltration)下渗率(infiltrationintensity)下渗容量(infiltrationcapacity)下渗曲线（infiltrationcapacitycurve）累积下渗曲线（accumulativeinfiltrationcapacitycurve）下渗机理（mechanismofinfiltration）Part2非饱和下渗理论（）下渗方程的导出（deductionofinfiltrationequation）忽略重力作用的下渗方程的解（solutionundergravityneglected）完全下渗方程的解（solutionunderwholecondition）第10页共10页 Part3饱和下渗理论（）基本方程的建立establishmentofbasicequation下渗曲线的导出（deductionofinfiltrationcurve）Chapter7蒸发与散发蒸发与散发(Evaporation&Transpiration)Part1蒸发现象及其控制条件(evaporationandcontrolconditions)基本概念（basicconcepts）蒸发潜热(heatofvaporization)蒸发率(evaporationrate)凝结潜热(condensationlatent)蒸发能力(evaporationcapacity)蒸发分类classificationofevaporation控制蒸发率的条件controllingconditionsforevaporation动力条件(dynamic)气象条件meteorologicalcondition供水条件(watersupply)Part2水面蒸发(watersurfaceevaporation)太阳辐射(solarradiation)气压(airpressure)风速(windvelocity)温度(temperature)湿度(humidity)水面大小(watersurfacearea)水面形状(shapeofwaterbody)水深(waterdepth)水质(waterquality)理论方法（theoreticalmethod）热量平衡法(heatbalancemethod)空气动力学法(aerodynamicmethod)混合法(mixedmethod)水量平衡法(waterbalancemethod)经验公式（empiricalequation）器测法（instrument-measurementmethod）水面蒸发的时空分布特点temporalspatialdistributioncharacteristicsPart3土壤蒸发土壤蒸发过程(soilwaterevaporationprocesses)土壤蒸发规律(soilwaterevaporationrules)Part4植物散发散发现象(phenomenaofplanttranspiration)植物散发规律(planttranspirationrules)植物散发的确定(determinationoftranspiration)Part5流域蒸散发(watershedevapotranspiration)上层（UpperLayer）下层（LowerLayer）深层（DeepLayer）第10页共10页 Chapter8产流机制产流机制:mechanismofrunoffgeneration径流(Runoff)径流形成过程(Rainfall-RunoffProcess)径流深(RunoffDepth)径流量的时程分配(Temporaldistributionofrunoff)Part1包气带及其结构（Aeration(vadose)zoneanditsstructure）包气带和饱水带（aerationzoneorvadosezoneandSaturdayedzone）特殊包气带(Specialaerationzone)三相系统（three-phasesystem（liquid，gaseous，solid））土壤结构（soilstructure）包气带结构(Thestructureofaerationzone)高寒地带的包气带（aerationzoneinahighandcoldarea）Part2包气带的水分动态及对降雨的再分配作用（Soilmoisturedynamicsinaerationzoneanditsrolesinpartitioningrainfall）A、包气带水分动态(soilmoisturedynamicsinaerationzone)包气带水分的增长（Soilmoistureincreaseinaerationzone）包气带水分的消退（Recessionofsoilmoistureinaerationzone）B、包气带对降雨的再分配作用(Theroleofaerationzoneinredistributingrainfall)筛子（sieve）门槛（threshold）C、包气带水量平衡方程式(Waterbalanceequationforaerationzone)Part3产流的物理条件（Physicalconditionsforrunoffgeneration）超渗地面径流（Hortonianoverlandflow）(Rainfallexcess)壤中水径流产流（throughflow/subsurfaceflow/interflow）饱和地面径流条件（saturatedoverlandflow）回归流（returnflow）Part4基本产流模式(Basicmodesofrunoffgeneration)Chapter9地表水流地表水流:surfaceflow第10页共10页 Part1洪水波的形成及传播(Formationandpropagationoffloodwave)A、洪水波运动(movementwave)a、几何特征（geomtriccharacteristics）波体（mainbodyoffloodwave）波高（waveheight）波长（wavelength）b、附加比降（additionalslope）c、相应流量与相应水位（Correspondingdischarge(waterlevels,stages))d、波速（wavevelocity）e、坦化（attenuation）扭曲（distortion）B、洪水运动的水力学描述(Hydraulicdescriptionoffloodwavemovement)圣维南方程组（Saint-VenantEquations）连续方程(Continuityequationormassconservationequation)动力方程(Momentumequation)C、洪水波的分类(Classificationoffloodwave)空间惯性迁移惯性项（convectiveinertiaterm）重力（gravity）时间惯性力局地惯性项（localinertiaterm）压力（pressure）阻力（friction）D、运动波(Kinematicwave)E、扩散波(Diffusionwave)Part2（Storagetheory&storageequation）A、河槽调节作用和河段水量平衡方程(Storageeffectsofariverchannelandwaterbalanceequationforareach)蓄满产流(Runoffgenerationonrepletionofstorage)超渗产流(Runoffgenerationinexcessofinfiltration)B、槽蓄方程(Storageequation)C、洪水波运动的水文学方法(HydrologicalmethodoffloodwavemovementD、特征河长(Characteristicriverlength)F、槽蓄曲线的特性(NatureofStorage-dischargecurve)Chapter10洪水演算洪水演算(FloodRouting)Part1引言(Introduction)第10页共10页 具有物理基础的洪水演算法(Physically-basedfloodroutingmethod)质量守恒（massconservation）动量守恒（momentumconservation）Part2线性扩散波演算法(Lineardiffusionwaveroutingmethod)定解问题的构成(Compositionofsolutionproblems)基本解(Basicsolution)出流过程的计算(Derivationofoutflowhydrograph)扩散波（Diffusionwave）入流过程(Processingofinflowhydrograph)稳定流（Steadyflow）参数的确定(Determinationofparameters)卷积公式(Convolutionformula)上断面洪水过程（inflowhydrographatuppersection)半无限长，自由下边界（semi—infinitelong,freelowerboundary）简单入流过程(Simpleinflowhydrograph)单位入流过程(UnitInflowhydrograph)单位矩形入流过程(UnitRectangularPulseInput)单位瞬时脉冲入流(UnitinstantaneousPulseInput)入流过程离散化(Discretizinginflowhydrograph)汇流曲线(flowconcentrationcurve)Part3线性特征河长演算法(Linearcharacteristiclengthroutingmethod)描述洪水波运动的基本微分方程式(Basicdifferentialequationsoffloodwavemovement)汇流曲线的确定(Determinationofflowconcentrationcurve)Part4线性运动波演算法(Linearkinematicwaveroutingmethod)运动波差分方程的建立(Differenceequationofkinematicwave)数值扩散的概念(Numericaldiffusion)连续演算问题(successiverouting)汇流系数的计算(Calculationofflowconcentrationcoefficient)泰勒公式(Taylorformula)汇流系数(flowconcentrationcoefficient)Chapter11流域产流流域产流:WatershedRunoffGeneration/ProductionPart1引言(Introduction)径流(Runoff)径流形成过程(Rainfall-RunoffProcess)径流深(RunoffDepth)径流量的时程分配(Temporaldistributionofrunoff)第10页共10页 Part2流域产流面积的变化（Variationsinrunoffproducingarea）A、现象及原因(Phenomena&Causes)蓄满产流(Runoffgenerationonrepletionofstorage)超渗产流(Runoffgenerationinexcessofinfiltration)B、蓄满产流条件下总径流的产流面积变化(Variationsintherunoffproducingareaoftotalrunoffunderrunoffformationonrepletionofstorage)蓄水容量曲线(WatershedCapacityCurve)流域蓄水容量曲线(Watershedwatercapacitycurve)在降雨空间分布均匀的情况下（Spatialdistributionofrainfalliseven）C、超渗产流地面径流产流面积变化(Variationsintherunoffproducingareaofsurfacerunoffunderrunoffformationinexcessofinfiltration)Part3蓄满产流的流域产流量的计算（Computationoftotalrunoffunderrunoffformationonrepletionofstorage）总径流量的计算(Computationoftotalrunoff)径流成分的划分(Separationofrunoffcomponents)降雨空间分布不均匀情况(Spatialdistributionofrainfallbeinguneven)Part4超渗产流的流域产流量计算（Computationoftotalrunoffunderrunoffformationinexcessofinfiltration）Chapter12流域汇流流域汇流:WatershedflowconcentrationPart1基本概念及数学描述BasicConceptsandmathematicaldescriptionA、流域汇流的路径Watershedflowpaths几何路径(Geometricpaths)状态路径(Statepaths)B、流域汇流时间Watershedflowtimeofconcentration平均流域汇流时间(Averagewatershedflowtimeofconcentration)最大流域汇流时间(MaximumWatershedflowtimeofconcentration)C、径流成因公式FormulaforcomputingthedischargeatthewatershedoutletD、流域调蓄作用Watershedstorageeffects第10页共10页 Part2流域汇流系统分析Analysisofwatershedflowconcentrationsystem基于流域调蓄作用的流域汇流系统的数学表达式(Mathematicaldescriptionofstorage-effect-basedwatershedflowsystem)流域瞬时单位线(WatershedInstantaneousUnitHydrograph)卷积公式(Convolutionformula)流域单位线的识别（Determinationofunithydrograph)Part3面积—时间曲线Time-areahistogram等流时线和等流时面积(IsochronesandInter-isochroneareas)等流时线法(IsochronesMethod)Part4概念性流域汇流模型Conceptualwatershedflowconcentrationmodels概念性元件(Conceptualcomponents)“渠道”型(Canaltype)b.“水库”型(Reservoirtype)概念性元件的组合及其瞬时单位线(Combinationofconceptualcomponentsandthecorrespondinginstantaneousunithydrograph)第10页共10页'