南极洲沃斯托克湖的冰芯的二氧化碳历史记录_水文学_科研数据集

'南极洲沃斯托克湖的冰芯的二氧化碳历史记录(HistoricalCarbonDioxideRecordfromtheVostokIceCore,Antarctica)数据介绍：InJanuary1998,thecollaborativeice-drillingprojectbetweenRussia,theUnitedStates,andFranceattheRussianVostokstationinEastAntarcticayieldedthedeepesticecoreeverrecovered,reachingadepthof3,623m(Petitetal.1997,1999).Icecoresareuniquewiththeirentrappedairinclusionsenablingdirectrecordsofpastchangesinatmospherictrace-gascomposition.关键词：数据格式：TEXT数据详细介绍：HistoricalCarbonDioxideRecordfromtheVostokIceCoreInvestigators J.-M.Barnola,D.Raynaud,C.LoriusLaboratoiredeGlaciologieetdeGéophysiquedel"Environnement,CNRS,BP96,38402SaintMartind"HeresCedex,FranceN.I.BarkovArcticandAntarcticResearchInstitute,BeringaStreet38,199397,St.Petersburg,RussiaPeriodofRecord417,160-2,342yearsBPMethodsInJanuary1998,thecollaborativeice-drillingprojectbetweenRussia,theUnitedStates,andFranceattheRussianVostokstationinEastAntarcticayieldedthedeepesticecoreeverrecovered,reachingadepthof3,623m(Petitetal.1997,1999).Icecoresareuniquewiththeirentrappedairinclusionsenablingdirectrecordsofpastchangesinatmospherictrace-gascomposition.PreliminarydataindicatetheVostokice-corerecordextendsthroughfourclimatecycles,withiceslightlyolderthan400kyr(Petitetal.1997,1999).Becauseairbubblesdonotcloseatthesurfaceoftheicesheetbutonlynearthefirn-icetransition(thatis,at~90mbelowthesurfaceatVostok),theairextractedfromtheiceisyoungerthanthesurroundingice(Barnolaetal.1991).UsingsemiempiricalmodelsofdensificationappliedtopastVostokclimateconditions,Barnolaetal.(1991)reportedthattheagedifferencebetweenairandicemaybe~6000yearsduringthecoldestperiodsinsteadof~4000years,aspreviouslyassumed.Icesampleswerecutwithabandsawinacoldroom(atabout-15°C)ascloseaspossibletothecenterofthecoreinordertoavoidsurfacecontamination(Barnolaetal.1983).Gasextractionandmeasurementswereperformedwiththe"Grenobleanalyticalsetup,"whichinvolvedcrushingtheicesample(~40g)undervacuuminastainlesssteelcontainerwithoutmeltingit,expandingthegasreleasedduringthecrushingin apre-evacuatedsamplingloop,andanalyzingtheCO2concentrationsbygaschromatography(Barnolaetal.1983).Theanalyticalsystem,exceptforthestainlesssteelcontainerinwhichtheicewascrushed,wascalibratedforeachicesamplemeasurementwithastandardmixtureofCO2innitrogenandoxygen.ForfurtherdetailsontheexperimentalproceduresandthedatingofthesuccessiveicelayersatVostok,seeBarnolaetal.(1987,1991),Loriusetal.(1985),andPetitetal.(1999).Vostok,Antarctica78°28"S,106°48"E3488maboveMSLThedatapresentedincludetheupdatesdiscussedinPepinetal.(2001)TrendsThereisaclosecorrelationbetweenAntarctictemperatureandatmosphericconcentrationsofCO2(Barnolaetal.1987).TheextensionoftheVostokCO2recordshowsthatthemaintrendsofCO2aresimilarforeachglacialcycle.Majortransitionsfromthelowesttothehighestvaluesareassociatedwithglacial-interglacialtransitions.Duringthesetransitions,theatmosphericconcentrationsofCO2risesfrom180to280-300ppmv(Petitetal.1999).TheextensionoftheVostokCO2recordshowsthepresent-daylevelsofCO2areunprecedentedduringthepast420kyr.Pre-industrialHolocenelevels(~280ppmv)arefoundduringallinterglacials,withthehighestvalues(~300ppmv)foundapproximately323kyrBP.WhentheVostokicecoredatawere comparedwithothericecoredata(Delmasetal.1980;Nefteletal.1982)forthepast30,000-40,000years,goodagreementwasfoundbetweentherecords:allshowlowCO2values[~200partspermillionbyvolume(ppmv)]duringtheLastGlacialMaximumandincreasedatmosphericCO2concentrationsassociatedwiththeglacial-Holocenetransition.AccordingtoBarnolaetal.(1991)andPetitetal.(1999)thesemeasurementsindicatethat,atthebeginningofthedeglaciations,theCO2increaseeitherwasinphaseorlaggedbylessthan~1000yearswithrespecttotheAntarctictemperature,whereasitclearlylaggedbehindthetemperatureattheonsetoftheglaciations.ReferencesBarnola,J.-M.,D.Raynaud,A.Neftel,andH.Oeschger.1983.ComparisonofCO2measurementsbytwolaboratoriesonairfrombubblesinpolarice.Nature303:410-13.Barnola,J.-M.,D.Raynaud,Y.S.Korotkevich,andC.Lorius.1987.Vostokicecoreprovides160,000-yearrecordofatmosphericCO2.Nature329:408-14.Barnola,J.-M.,P.Pimienta,D.Raynaud,andY.S.Korotkevich.1991.CO2-climaterelationshipasdeducedfromtheVostokicecore:Are-examinationbasedonnewmeasurementsandonare-evaluationoftheairdating.Tellus43(B):83-90.Delmas,R.J.,J.-M.Ascencio,andM.Legrand.1980.PolariceevidencethatatmosphericCO220,000yrBPwas50%ofpresent.Nature284:155-57.Jouzel,J.,C.Lorius,J.R.Petit,C.Genthon,N.I.Barkov,V.M.Kotlyakov,andV.M.Petrov.1987.Vostokicecore:Acontinuousisotopictemperaturerecordoverthelastclimaticcycle(160,000years).Nature329:403-8.Lorius,C.,J.Jouzel,C.Ritz,L.Merlivat,N.I.Barkov,Y.S.Korotkevich,andV.M.Kotlyakov.1985.A150,000-yearclimaticrecordfromAntarcticice.Nature316:591-96. Neftel,A.,H.Oeschger,J.Schwander,B.Stauffer,andR.Zumbrunn.1982.IcecoremeasurementsgiveatmosphericCO2contentduringthepast40,000yr.Nature295:220-23.Pepin,L.,D.Raynaud,J.-M.Barnola,andM.F.Loutre.2001.Hemisphericrolesofclimateforcingsduringglacial-interglacialtransitionsasdeducedfromtheVostokrecordandLLN-2Dmodelexperiments.JournalofGeophysicalResearch106(D23):31,885-31,892.Petit,J.R.,I.Basile,A.Leruyuet,D.Raynaud,C.Lorius,J.Jouzel,M.Stievenard,V.Y.Lipenkov,N.I.Barkov,B.B.Kudryashov,M.Davis,E.Saltzman,andV.Kotlyakov.1997.FourclimatecyclesinVostokicecore.Nature387:359-360.Petit,J.R.,J.Jouzel,D.Raynaud,N.I.Barkov,J.-M.Barnola,I.Basile,M.Benders,J.Chappellaz,M.Davis,G.Delayque,M.Delmotte,V.M.Kotlyakov,M.Legrand,V.Y.Lipenkov,C.Lorius,L.Pépin,C.Ritz,E.Saltzman,andM.Stievenard.1999.Climateandatmospherichistoryofthepast420,000yearsfromtheVostokicecore,Antarctica.Nature399:429-436.Raynaud,D.,andJ.-M.Barnola.1985.AnAntarcticicecorerevealsatmosphericCO2variationsoverthepastfewcenturies.Nature315:309-11.CITEAS:Barnola,J.-M.,D.Raynaud,C.Lorius,andN.I.Barkov.2003.HistoricalCO2recordfromtheVostokicecore.InTrends:ACompendiumofDataonGlobalChange.CarbonDioxideInformationAnalysisCenter,OakRidgeNationalLaboratory,U.S.DepartmentofEnergy,OakRidge,Tenn.,U.S.A.RevisedFebruary2003数据预览： 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