基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地环境需水研究(last1016).ppt

'Sino-DutchStudyProgramYRD-EFSYellowRiverDeltaEnvironmentalFlowsProject中荷合作河口生态需水研究项目组王新功基于生态水文学的黄河口湿地环境需水及评价研究StudyonEnvironmentalflowsanditsEvaluationBasedonEco-HydrologyinYellowRiverDeltaWetlands中荷合作项目Sino-Dutchco-operationproject Methodology（研究方法）Scenariosdesign（预案设计）Resultsanddiscussions（结果讨论）Maincontent(主要内容)Background（项目背景） YellowRiver1Background（项目背景）1530km2 Themapofyellowriverdeltanaturereserve山东黄河三角洲国家级自然保护区图一千二管理站黄河口管理站大汶流管理站HuanghekouDawenliuYiqianr1530km2 鸟类迁徙路线MigrationroutesinEurasiaThecoreareaoftheYellowRiverDeltaNationalNaturalProtectionArea Estuaryecosystemdeteriorated（河口生态系统衰退） MOUChina–NetherlandsonWaterManagement:focusonYellowRiverYRDEnvironmentalFlowStudyimplementedbyYRCC,leadingaconsortiumofChineseandNetherlandsexpertsContractsignedbetweenRoyalNetherlandsEmbassyandYRCC,inthepresenceofPrinceWillemAlexanderoftheNetherlandson17October2005ZhengZhou;October2007finishedSino-Dutchcooperation Howtodefinereasonableprotectedobjectivesanditsprotectedscale;(合理保护目标及规模界定)-competitivesocietyforwaterWhatisthemechanismofenvironmentalflows?（生态需水机理分析）Howtoknoworquantitytheecologicaleffectofdischargingwatertonatureecosystem?（生态补水效益或效果分析）2Methodology（研究方法） PlantphysiologywaterneedPlantevapotranspirationEcologicalhabitsofindicativespeciesHabitwaterrequiredWatersupplementSEBSGroundwaterlevel-MODFLOWSurfacewaterlevelandarea-SOBEKPlansuccessionEvaluationofecologicaleffectLEDESSIntegratedevaluationHabitatareaevaluationHabitatqualityevaluationEcologicalvalueSuitableecologicalwaterfeedbackSupplementareaMicrocosmicMacroscopicalEvaluationFig.2schematicdiagramofenvironmentalflowsstudy 植被生理需水研究植被蒸散发需水指示物种生态学习性栖息地需水研究补水预案制定SEBS地下水水位-MODFLOWSOBEK地表水水位及范围植被演替规律生态效应评价LEDESS综合评价生境评价栖息地质量评价生态价值评价适宜生态水量反馈补水范围微观研究宏观研究生态评价黄河水资源图2河口湿地生态需水及评价总体思路 LEDESS：LandscapeEcologicalDecisionAndEvaluationSupportSystem2Methodology（研究方法）scenariosVegetationSuccessionmoduleSitemoduleHabitatmodulemeasuresVegetationSuccessionHabitatpattern 3.1RangeofwatercompensationTotalarea:236km23ScenariosDesign（预案设计）Consideredfactors:wetlandimportance;landuseactuality;waterresources;feasibility,etc. Thevegetationtypesofnaturereservein1992Theareaofreedwetlandsis285km2 3.2WaterrequirementRangeofRestorationWetlands3ScenariosDesign（预案设计）periodAveragewaterrequirementdepthWaterrequirementscopecauseApr.-Jun.30cm10～50cmReedbreedandgrowJul.-Oct.50cm20～80cmReedgrowandbirdinhabitNov.-Mar.20cm10～20cmbirdinhabit ABCScenariosDesignD,E,F Tab.TheobjectivesofdifferentscenariosScenarioCurrent0ScenarioDScenarioEScenarioFRestorationarea3333ha23614ha23614ha23614haDischargemonth6-7月3-10月3-10月3-10月Averagewaterdepth30cm15cm30cm45cmScenarioCurrent0ScenarioAScenarioBScenarioCRestorationarea3333ha8813ha11130ha19943haDischargemonth6-7月3-10月3-10月3-10月Averagewaterdepth30cm15cm15cm15cm 4.1Choiceofindicatorspecies4Resultsanddiscussions（预案评价）OrientalStorks(东方白鹳),thefirst-classstateprotectionbirds,In2003,startedbreedingintheYellowRoverDeltaFood:fish,batrachians,lizardandinsectHabitat:marshareawithsparsetrees RedCrowncrane（丹顶鹤）,thefirst-classstateprotectionbirds,Food:grass,crop,fish,shrimp,Crustacea;Habitat:reed,farmlandandmudflat Sauder’sgull（黑嘴鸥）:rareendangeredrarebirds,totalofthatallovertheworldisabout8000Food:fish,shrimp,crustaceanandinsectHabitat:wingedsea-blitetidalflat Whistlingswan（小天鹅）:thefirst-classstateprotectionbirds,Food:crop,fish,molluskHabitat:reed,reservoirandotherwaterbody 4.2Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地）4Resultsanddiscussions（结果讨论） Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地） Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地） ScenarioCurrentDEFReedmeadow5,0536,2595,9254,814Reedmarsh5,60415,87116,39717,717Newwaterbody50090026003100Tamarisk12,87915,82615,74115,550Seablite4,5457,0657,0527,051Salina2,8831,76917701,768预案CurrentDEF芦苇草甸5,0536,2595,9254,814芦苇沼泽5,60415,87116,39717,717水体50090026003100柽柳12,87915,82615,74115,550翅碱蓬4,5457,0657,0527,051盐碱滩2,8831,76917701,768 InscenarioD,EandF,thesuitablehabitatareaofreedmarshandseabliteincreasednotably,andsalinaareadecreasedcorrespondingly.Afterwaterdischargedtowetland,onenewhabitat–waterbody(pond)comeintobeing.AsforYRD,largeareapondsformedbyscenarioEandFhaveimportantecologicalvaluesinsustainingwetlandwaterbalance.Besides,pondsareoptimalhabitatsformostswimmingfowllikeRedCrownCrane,OrientalStorkandswans.Syntheticallycompare,theecologicaleffectsofscenarioEarelargerthanDandF.预案D、E和F，芦苇沼泽与翅碱蓬面积均增加显著，同时盐碱地明显下降；补水后一种新的生境类型-水体产生。预案E优于D与Ｆ．4.2Habitatafter5years（五年后栖息地） Theindicatorspeciesamounts increasedalongwiththerestorationareaincreasedfromscenarioAtoscenarioC,especiallyforOrientalstorkandWhistlingswan,whosesuitablehabitatarereedmarsh.4.3Habitatcarryingcapacity（生态承载力）HabitatcarryingcapacityofscenarioA,B,C Forhabitatcarryingcapacity,theincreasedindicatorspeciesamounts(OrientalstorkandWhistlingswan)ofScenarioCismorethantotalincreasedamountsofScenarioAandBalthoughtherestorationareaisequalwiththesummationAandB.(C>A+B)Thenumbersofcrane donotchangemuchbecauseuseboththereedandmudflatsashabitat,andwithincreasingreedhabitatthereisadecreaseofmudflat.increasedspeciesofscenarioA,B,C Theindicatorspeciesamounts increasedalongwiththewaterquantitiesincreasedfromDtoF,butthespeedbecamelower.Itisnotthemorewaterquantitieswedischarged,thebetteroutcomeswecangetforreedwetlandsrestoration.ForSauder’sgullwhosesuitablehabitatismudflatwithseablite,anditneedsomefreshwater,butifwedischargetoomuchwater,itshabitatqualitywilldecreased.HabitatcarryingcapacityofscenarioD,E,F Increasedindicatorspeciesamount/108m3water,(E—F)>(D—E)especiallytoOrientalstorkandWhistlingswan,anditindicatethattheecologicaleffectofScenarioFisbetterthanDandE.RedcrowncraneOrientalstorkSauder’sgullWhistlingSwanD--E324-146E--F241001587每亿方水增加鸟类数量（对）Increasedindicatorspeciesamount/108m3丹顶鹤东方白鹳黑嘴鸥小天鹅D--E324-146E--F241001587 WetlandeconomicevaluationresultofYellowRiverDeltaunit：108RMBValuetypesYearsScenario19922005DEFIndirectusevalue14.5611.6714.0414.0514.06Indirectusevalue41.1127.8440.4540.7541.50Not-usevalue23.49Total（合计）79.1663.0077.9878.2979.05Fordifferentyears,thewetlandecologicalvaluein1992arelargerthanitsin2005;fordifferentscenarios,Fisthelargest,butitneedmorewaterquantities.4.4wetlandecologicalvalue（湿地补水价值） AnintegratedmethodwasappliedtocalculatedenvironmentalflowsofYellowRiverdelta.definedthereasonablewetlandscaletobeprotected;themechanismofindicatorspeciesandvegetationwaterrequirementwereconsidered;theecologicaleffectofdischargingwatercanbe“seen”….4.5Generalresults Fordifferentrestorationareasscenario,scenarioDcangetbetterecologicaleffect,andthehabitatcapacityarelargerthanthesummationofdifferentrestorationareas.Inonehand,thenorthpartandeastpartofNaturereserveareoneintegratedecosystem,inanotherhand,manyrarebirdschoosenorthwetlandandeastpartastheirbreeding,winteringandforagingarea,andifwetlandsinonepartwasdepredated,thewholepartwillloseecologicalvalueforsomebirdsthattheirforagingsemidiameteraresmall.4.5Generalresults（总结论） NotsuitableEcologicalhigherEcologicallower Fordifferentwaterquantitiesscenario,scenarioFgetthebestresults,butitneedmorewater.ScenarioCurrentABCDEFwaterrequirement0.31.041.312.352.783.494.17Waterrequirementsofdifferentscenariosunit：108m3不同预案需水量 ThanksalotforthegreatsupportfromMWRandbighelpfromRNEBeijing.Thankyouverymuchforyourcooperationandfriendship. 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