森林水文学名词解释西农.doc

'1.蒸散量(ET)：指林木、林下植被和地面整体向大气输送水气的总量，包括蒸发和蒸腾两部分,农田土壤蒸发和植物蒸腾的总耗水量。Evapotranspiration(ET)isatermusedtodescribethesumofevaporationandplanttranspirationfromtheEarth"slandsurfacetoatmosphere。Transpirationaccountsforthemovementofwaterwithinaplantandthesubsequentlossofwaterasvaporthroughstomatainitsleaves.2.径流模数runoffmodulus、modulusofrunoff：流域内单位面积单位时间产生的径流量。Therunoffgeneratedinthewatershedforunittimeperunitarea.3.土壤干层soildrylayer：在林草植被过度耗水情况下，土壤含水量处于深层次亏缺状态，甚至有时接近凋萎湿度，这种水分亏缺经过雨季降水可得到部分补偿，得不到补偿的土层土壤湿度长期处于一种较稳定的低水平上，这一土层称为土壤干层。Inthecaseofexcessivewaterconsumptionofthevegetation,soilmoisturedeficitisinthedeepstate,andsometimesevenclosetothewiltinghumidity,thispartofwatercanbecompensatedintherainyseason,thesoilthathavenotbeencompensatedisinastablelowlevelforlongterm,thesoiliscalledsoildrylayer.4.土壤水量平衡soilwaterbalance：一定时间内，土壤中水的运动在数量上保持着收支平衡。是指任意选择的区域（或水体），在任意时段内，其收入的水量与支出的水量之间差额必等于该时段区域（或水体）内蓄水的变化量。Theconceptisusedtodescribethequantityofflowofwaterinandoutofacolumnofsoilarekeepbalance. 5.水分循环hydrologiccycle：地球上的水分在太阳辐射能和重力的作用下，以蒸发、输送、凝结、降水、径流等方式不断往复循环过程。Thehydrologiccycleisaconceptualmodelthatdescribesthestorageandmovementofwaterbetweenthebiosphereinthewayofevaporation,transport,condensation,precipitation,runoffandsoon. 6.土壤水分生态分区：综合分析某个地区的自然地带性因素与非地带性因素,把土壤水分作为主导因子,运用定量和定性相结合的方法把整个区域划分为不同类型的生态分区。Comprehensiveanalysisofaregion"snaturalzonalfactorsandnon-zonalfactors,takingthesoilmoistureasadominantfactor,usingacombinationofquantitativeandqualitativeapproachtothewholeareaisdividedintopartitionsofdifferenttypesofecosystems.7.土壤稳渗率soilstableinfiltrationrate：入渗后水流稳定时的速率，它等于或接近饱和导水率。Itisequalorclosetosaturatedhydraulicconductivityafterthesteadyflowofwaterinfiltration.8.水文模型Hydrologicmodels：在一定目标下代替实际水文系统，并用数学语言或物理模型概化和模拟水文现象而建立的实体结构和数学结构与逻辑结构。 Hydrologicmodelsaresimplified,conceptualrepresentationsofapartofthehydrologiccycle.Theyareprimarilyusedforhydrologicpredictionandforunderstandinghydrologicprocesses.9.土壤有效含水量soilavailablewater：土壤中能被植物根系吸收的水，通常为田间持水量和萎蔫含水量间的水量。That portion of water held in soil that may be absorbed into the roots of the plant.10.达西定律Darcy’sLaw：达西提出的关于水在饱和多孔介质中流量的定律。Darcy"slawisaphenomenologicallyderivedconstitutiveequationthatdescribestheflowofafluidthroughaporousmedium.'