水力学与桥涵水文课程设计.docx

'1、为测定某阀门的局部阻力系数工在阀门上下游装设三个测压管，已知水管直径d=50mm,112=1m,『2m,实测数据见=150cm,%=125m,v3=40cm,u=3m/s,试计算阀门的：值。/12解：由已知条件可得:d=50mmI12=1m112100012==20<1000d50=1000mmI23=2m=2000mm123200023==40<1000d50即该水管满短管的条件,应计算沿程水头损失、局部水头损失及流速水头损失对于112段:Zi+"+22vP2vu=Z2+++hw1-22g2g其中hw1-2=hf1-2Plz+1+z1P1z++Z12v2g2v2gP2=z2+2+1.2I12vfijd2g2P2=Z9++zv2g2v+hf1-22gd2g,=等小.&尸那（".j=2^8^05（1.5-1.25）=0.027112vl12v13对于l12段: P2Z2+2+2v二42g其中hw2-3二hf2-3+hj2-3Z2+以2v+—=z32g22旦L+d2g22gP2vz2+幺+=z3+22g32g2v2g+hf2-3+hj2-32v——+.二坦（匹-巴v2（l23v)=2glL-2~(-2-、3vl232g2v29.8—(1.25-0.4-0.027x0.0529.8)=0.7622+R+^+h232gw2-377所以阀门的1的值为0.0762.7解：分析方法：①根据给定的已知条件，判别去到底破的类型。②根据坡度类型绘出N-N线和K-K线（注意其相对位置），并将流动空间分成不同的区域。③如果已知某一控制水深，即可在相应的流区内定出其水面曲线的类型7 ④分析水面曲线两端的界限情况，便可确定水面曲线形状分析结果如下列图所示：图2-1中，ii>ik段、i2=ik段和i3ik段过渡到i2=ik段时，由急流向临界流过渡，会在i2=ik段C区以C型曲线过渡到正常水深；水流从i2=ik段过渡到i30段为顺坡渠道，i2<0段为逆坡渠道。水流从ii>0段过渡到i2<0段时，由急流向逆坡过渡，会在i2<0段产生水跃；从i2<0段流向断口时，会产生水7 图2-6图2-6中，ii段、i2段和13段均为顺坡渠道且ii八、i2ik。水流从ii〉ik段过渡到i2ik段产生水跃；水流从i24Er所以相关系数r较大，非常接近于1(r=0.950309>0.8),而且r>4Er,表明两系列(年降雨量x和年径流量y)之间存在直线相关，相关程度也较为密切112.二Kxi-"n,cl,l/cl2__i-1309.583333.1.5535——=291.533706八In-11,12-112iKyi-n13.8393612-12二y二x-:786.666667.321.405531yIn-1,12-1则y倚x的回归直线方程式为:y-y二x,一、=r——(x-x)=cyy-786.666667=0.950309321.405531291.533706(x-1309.5833331313得y=1.047681x-585.359151即y=1.0477x-585.36年降雨量x和年径流量y的线性相关图如下图所示:降雨量-年径流量散点图008^1O00O64208642^1^1^1^1器切量流径年年降雨量x(mm)•年径流量y(mm)—线性(目.13 表4-1顺序号年份年降雨量x(mm)年径流量y(mm)K—,,一.、、，一…按Cv=ZJ^|£（Qj-Q）+N—a£（Qi-Q）计算的系列变差系数Cv=0.64QyN-1j=1n-li=j+1式中Q—洪峰流量均值（m3/s）;Qi一历年洪峰流量值（m3/s）；n一观测系列的项数，即年数；Cv—变差系数。应用求矩适线法确定采用的统计参数和理论频率曲线：Q、Cv及Cs取值如附表3所示。19 ①试取Q=1992.8m3/s,Cv=0.64,Cs=3Cv=1.9,如图6-1所示频率曲线图00810maimiiiim：USml1■III!1■■IIIIBillmaiiinIIo303o003o702o402oooo00^018522111Ri■■■tigijHit11ih■■ii■■■iiiiiiniiniiihimi।■■minII11If■■gi|iiiiiIiitinInaiiiigiiiiiiiiilliiimiiiiiiiiuiiiiIII■IIIIIIHillIIIHIII■■■■IHIllmillWillIIIVIliillllt■mi■■&iiiilliiiimu111HillIISmi■■■«iiiiiiiiammu11hi11hI"■IIIIII1111IIIHI11III111IlVIIIIIIVIIIHillimiIIHill：limit11iiII।mm11iniiinIkQi，■■〃"■■III■IIHIIIIHIHIIHIlinmillIIIHIIl■■IlliIIIIIIHill1111111111111111lillllilllllilllIIIlilllmi■■iiiniiiiiiamlilillllilBH■■■■IIIIIIHillIIIIVHIIIIIIIII!ii11ii■■miiniiikiiiHim11iiIIIIHMIIIIIIIHillIIHIIIHIIII川iiiniiiiriiiiiiitiiiimini■■■ininin■minilllllliHIHIIHIIIIIIHillIIIHIIiniiliiiBaiiiitilliiiviiiiiivii।uh■■uniin।piaiiiiiini।nun■■nimilinhiiiniiiimilllHHIIIHIIBailHIIIIIIHII5102030,40,506070809095979999.599.799.999,9599.99频率p(%)图6-121 一c_C_21②试取Q=1992.8m3/s,Cv=0.64,Cs=2.1,即Cs=—=3.28如图6-2所小sCv0.64频率曲线图图6-121图6-121量流nmiia1111111inaiiHimiaiiiinnillllini■■ivii11I111IIIIIII003315001200900010-o0-25102030频率6(%)70809095979999.599.799.999.9599.99图6-121 ③试取Q=1992.8m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-3所示sCv0.80图6-322③试取Q=1992.8m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-3所示sCv0.800081频率曲线图11HiiHrrrrMHimmFWIII1111■■■•lIVlIIVlIhBltlllIHlllillllBlIVlIIIIIIII11111111111，■■■■■■■•iitui«mu111itiiiiimiiiiiiitii»iii111muiimu!■■■■■■■■i1■mimi■•IItllI*Illi11•I»IIlHlltllMIIBIl»lII11llllllIIIlli!■■■■l«ll»llIIIlliIlliIIIIIllltlllIII*IIIIII111HillIIIlliIII■■■IlliIlliIlli1111ItIIIIIIIlliIlliIIII11111BillIllllll1■■■■ininmiivBi■iiiiniiiiiniiniiaiiiiniiKiiiiiillill1■■■■)“I■■iti，”llllhlIIIllllll^11■■biimiitinti111iiiiiinmuimiiivgilllli■■•IIlliIIIIHIlliIIIIIIIIHIIIIII*IIIIII114HillIIIIII«i._r:::::::■■■IItllItIlli■I•IIBIIIIIHIIIIIII*IItlII111HillII■■■iiiniHiiiiiiiiiiiiiivimiiiiBiieiiiiiiiiiBiniiniiiii■■■■■■■■■(iimiiilliiiiiviivii■■■!IVINIIIlli■ti11IIIIIllllllVfellIIIVIIIIIII■■■■avni*■■■iieiiibinn■i■iiaiiiiiiiiiiiiihiiiiihii■■■IRIIII4HIHBIIIIIIIIIIIlllllllllIIIIIIIhubIIMiinin>■■■■iiina■■■inniiiihiiiiiihiiniil■n■llllliiiiiii1■■■■■■■iinnimiiii■1■i111111iiiaiiiiiihiibiiihi■■■IIVIImill■1■IIHIIIIII9IIIIIIHIlliIIIIIIIIIIHIIIBillliiiiiMiijltlliijiaa1111innma111IIIIIIIIISHHllliiliaaiiviiiniaa■■■HimlifeIlli■lllllIIIIIIfellflIIIHIIIIIII■■■iiHiiimiiiiaiiiiHiiiiiiniiiiiiaiiiin1■■■iiiiiiiiiiiaiHiiailiiiiiHiiiiiiaiiiiiiHHIIihIIvbijhillilllMlIIVIIIIIIHBI■■■■iiiiiiuiimaniinilliiu■■paiiniiitiliiaiajjiiVIlpiiniliiiiaililllin■■■■iiBiiiipiiiiaii111111111■■■■■innIinmi■1mmmuniimmiin■nmaniqain1uni11liiiiaiiiii■■■1lilfllll1lllllIIOImirin・■mimimumuiijhiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiihnumlllllmillslllll■■IKIMillIHI111IIinin1IdllH1■iiihimiiiiiIIIIIIIIlliHllI■■■■■■■IIII11Ii■■■iI■■■■■■■111■■■■■■iiiiiii1111■■■iiviliniliiaiaiitiliiiiviiRiiiviiiiililii006003300700570040000270540362405100210085002006003009ooo。29760000000045423936量流■■■iPiiain■■■1ihihiiiit■■rimimu■imaini■BllnI■■IIIII■■■II■■■II■IIIHIIII111ill■■inii■■uni■■IllII■■IIIII01■ItllUKIlliIIIHItIIIIIIIlliIII*IIIIII111HillIIIIIIIH■■■■(IIMIl«IIIHI111HIIIIIIHIIIliltIl»lIIIIIHillIIIllit»B■jiinniiiiiiiinuhiii[im1■■■■”■■■■■■■“IIfI■■■■■■itIieiiiiiiikbI•IIIiiiifliitiitmtIitiii•11iiiiiiinilhi!■■■■■iiiiiiiiiiaaiiiiaiiimi■■■■■■■■■■■I■■IMIH■■■■■■■■■■■aii«iiiiHimi•11*iimiieiiitiiAiimn11ninn11mi■■■■■■iiniuiimaiuiiHiii1■■■■■■■•ileiiiHiuiiiiiiiniiiiieiiniitiiniitnimiihiii!■■■■iiiiiiiiiiBa■l«lItllItHUB111ItIIIIIHIIIIIIIHIIIIII111■■1iai|iti|iiimib111iiiaiiimapm1111■■■iiviiiniiivaiiin111miniiiiii11111111■■1ihiiii1111■■■11■II1iiihiiiilia1111■H■niiiiiiiHiBliiliii1■■■IIHIIIIIMIIIII■♦■■■Iii■■■■■■■■■■■i■■■”•fii_______________limniHillIIImilliiiitiuiiiiiinmiiivii1■■■■lillllliqilllininIIlli■I•11«IIIllltlllIII*IIIIII111RUHIIIlliIH■■11ii11■iiihi|iBuiiji11111iiiviiiHim111iiill111111111111■■■■■■Ull■l■llllllllIII■llllllllll1■■■■111I•IItIIiIIIMIIliltIIIIII111HIHIIIIlliIII■■imiiih4BlnIIII■■■iiiiiiiHiiiiaiiiii■■■iiniiiililliiaiiII■■■IIHIIIIHIIIIIIInailidllliman!!■■■■■■UIllllllllllll1■HillIIOEllllliiiiiiiihmu1101IIHHIllllllllllIIIHminilllll1101llllll5102030r_40、506070809095979999.599.799.999.9599.99频率p(%)图6-322 ④试取Q=2000m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-4所示sCv0.80频率曲线图图6-424④试取Q=2000m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-4所示sCv0.80图6-424④试取Q=2000m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-4所示sCv0.8060000330070070057004002705400036002405121800520060030090000000045423936^-)9^E^量流ooOO。Q2967660081图6-424④试取Q=2000m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-4所示sCv0.80015102030r_40、506070809095979999.599.799.999.9599.99图6-424 ④试取Q=2000m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-4所示sCv0.80频率p(%)图6-424 ⑤试取Q=2080m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-5所示sCv0.80频率曲线图iivian।■■■■■■m>iiiiIIHIHI111■■■■■Ml111II■■■■■■■I]]1■■■HltiaiH■millIII:::::::::::■1I■I■■■■■■1]]III■111■■■■■■■Illil・^ll]！■■■isiBillUHnIllIIII.11■.11I]I■■■Hi■■oiiaiBtaMHaiiiiiiniiviani■■■■■■m>iiii■■■IIIIII111■■■■■■!!II1■■■unilimnibi::::::::::::ionI■■■■■■Mill!1■■■II11■■■■■■■W■■■■■■■aJllSSBSESISRii■illllIIIHIIII-0048oooooooooooooo52963074433332ooooooooQOQQOOOO4185296301^-)KOE^量流26⑤试取Q=2080m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-5所示sCv0.80°-o5102030,40;-506070809095979999.599.799.999.9599.99频率p(%)图6-5C2.0取终米用值为Q=2080m/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即s==2.5Cv0.8026 ⑤试取Q=2080m3/s,Cv=0.80,Cs=2.0,即Cl=_20=2.5如图6-5所示sCv0.80Q05%=(1+605%Cv)Q=(1+4.30<0.80)M2080=9235.2m3/s26 续附表1附表1寸滩站流量及悬移质输沙率计算表测站编码：60105400施测号数：76.00输沙率：34.00相应单沙：353-354垂线号起点距水位河底高程水深平均水深垂线间距垂线间面积部分面积垂线平均流速部分流速部分油取样垂线间部分流量垂线平均含沙量部分平均含沙量部分输沙率测:深则束取样(m)(m)(m)(m)(m)(m)(m2)(m2)(m/s)(m/s)(m3/s)(m3/s)(kg/m3)(kg/m3)(kg/s)左水边-92.2165.3165.300.00111-73165.3161.953.351.6819.232.1632.161.060.7423.860.312-56165.3159.975.334.3417.073.7832-40165.3158.726.585.9616.095.28169.061.191.13190.194-20165.3157.298.017.3020.0145.905320165.3154.8810.429.2220.0184.30330.201.651.42468.880.34627165.3153.8811.4210.9227.0294.847457165.3153.4811.8211.6230.0348.60643.442.251.951254.71882165.3153.0812.2212.0225.0300.50953106165.3152.7812.5212.3724.0296.88597.382.532.391427.740.3010137165.3152.1813.1212.8231.0397.421164167165.3151.6813.6213.3730.0401.10798.522.592.562044.210.3412192165.3151.8813.4213.5225.0338.001375217165.3152.8812.4212.9225.0323.00661.002.472.531672.330.3514246165.3154.1811.1211.7729.0341.331586277165.3155.889.4210.2731.0318.37659.702.302.391573.380.3516306165.3157.288.028.7229.0252.8817323165.3157.887.427.7217.0131.241897341165.3158.386.927.1718.0129.06513.182.162.231144.390.3419376165.3158.886.426.6735.0233.452010,8411165.3159.286.026.2235.0217.70451.152.112.14963.210.3321447165.3159.385.925.9736.0214.9222119477165.3159.286.025.9730.0179.10394.021.471.79705.300.3423507165.3160.484.825.4230.0162.602412536165.3161.084.224.5229.0131.08293.681.111.29378.8525567165.3162.882.423.3231.0102.92右水边594165.3165.300.001.2127.032.67135.590.78105.3528 续附表1断面流量11952.4m3/s水面宽686.2m断面输沙率t/s水位(m)开始水位结束水位平均水位断向向积56792m平均水深8.26m断囿平均含沙量kg/m3基本断面水位165.31165.28165.3死水面积m2取大水深m相应单位含沙量kg/m3测流断面水位平均流速2.10m/s相应水位m最大测点流速m/s测线数/测点数12/36说呗距方法GPS铅鱼重量310kg流速仪悬吊方式悬索芯巾仪器轴中心至铅鱼底距离(m)0.50总不确定度明:则探方法回声仪测悬索直径7.70mm回零误差0.00计算流量所用断面施测号数2007-7已定系统误差施测：1武拿萍计算：杜明校：月日校：月日施测号数：76.0028 附表2顺序号按年份顺序排列按流量大小顺序排列经验频率p(%)至p=50%处水平距离x轴(Qj--Q)2年份流里(m/s)年份流量(m/s)123456789118908000189080001.08-2.2989921.42002436086904.0219126700195973602.15-2.0236061.69541128807239.8319521720191267003.23-1.8485961.87042022158086.1219531560195434406.45-1.5179292.2010872094496.8319543440196332009.68-1.3001532.4188631457422.7419553101980310012.90-1.1309782.5880391225975.25195622001965262016.13-0.9891692.729848393427.06195718601962260019.35-0.8648942.854122368737.57195821001977260022.58-0.7527292.966288368737.58195973601970252025.81-0.6493243.069693277979.5919608601972240029.03-0.5524433.166574165842.510196115401979240032.26-0.4604953.258522165842.511196226001956220035.48-0.3722893.34672742947.412196332001958210038.71-0.2868943.43212311499.913196418001981210041.94-0.2035443.51547211499.914196526201957186045.16-0.1215873.59742917625.81519666201971182048.39-0.0404413.67857629846.816196713001964180051.610.0404413.75945737157.317196814001952172054.840.1215873.84060474399.318196917001969170058.060.2035443.92256185709.819197025201953156061.290.2868944.005910187283.320197118201961154064.520.3722894.091306204993.821197224001976145067.740.4604954.179511294591.02219739001968140070.970.5524434.271459351367.223197411001967130074.190.6493244.368340479919.72419758501974110077.420.7527294.471745797024.62519761450197390080.650.8648944.5839111194129.62619772600196086083.870.9891694.7081851283150.6271978480197585087.101.1309784.8499941305905.82819792400196662090.321.3001535.0191701884476.52919803100197848093.551.5179295.2369462288450.03019812100195531096.771.8485965.5676132831689.2合计74610106984358.8计算N=92Qi总=52550Qj总=22060a=3飞=1992.8n=30(Qi--Q)2总=19932128.9(Qj；Q)2总=87052229.9l=1Cv=0.6430 附表2求矩适线法p(%)0.2151020509095至p=50%处水平距离-2.878-2.326-1.645-1.282-0.8420.0001.2821.645x轴0.8411.3932.0742.4372.8773.7195.0015.364B1992.8,5.123.551.991.310.63-0.29-0.92-0.98(一）Cv=0.64Kp4.283.272.271.841.400.810.410.37Cs=1.9流量(m3/s)8527.26523.54532.53664.72796.81622.6818.6742.0-Q=1992.8①5.333.712.001.280.57-0.33-0.84-0.879(二）Cv=0.64Kp4.413.372.281.821.360.790.460.44Cs=2.1流量(m3/s)8790.56724.44543.53625.22719.71571.9916.4871.7-Q=1992.8心5.223.612.001.300.61-0.31-0.90-0.949(三）Cv=0.8Kp5.1763.8882.62.041.4880.7520.2840.2408Cs=2流量(m3/s)10314.57747.95181.24065.22965.21498.6565.9479.93=2000.0①5.223.612.001.300.61-0.31-0.90-0.949（四）Cv=0.8Kp5.183.892.602.041.490.750.280.24Cs=2流量(m3/s)10352.07776.05200.04080.02976.01504.0568.0481.6飞二2080.05.223.612.001.300.61-0.31-0.90-0.949（五）Cv=0.8Kp5.183.892.602.041.490.750.280.24Cs=2流量（m3/s）10766.18087.05408.04243.23095.01564.2590.7500.930'